Nitro (Nitroglycerin) 100mg tablets are a medication primarily used for the management of angina pectoris (chest pain) and other cardiovascular conditions. Nitroglycerin belongs to a class of drugs known as nitrates, which work by relaxing and dilating blood vessels.
Key Uses
Nitroglycerin is indicated for:
- Angina Pectoris: Used to relieve chest pain associated with coronary artery disease.
- Heart Failure: Helps manage symptoms in patients with heart failure by reducing the workload on the heart.
- Hypertensive Emergencies: Can be used to lower blood pressure rapidly in acute situations.
- Anal Fissures: Sometimes used topically to relieve pain associated with anal fissures.
Mechanism of Action
Nitroglycerin works by:
- Vasodilation: It relaxes the smooth muscles in blood vessels, leading to dilation of both veins and arteries. This decreases the amount of blood returning to the heart (preload) and reduces the resistance against which the heart must pump (afterload), thereby lowering myocardial oxygen demand.
- Increased Blood Flow: By dilating coronary arteries, it improves blood flow to the heart muscle, helping alleviate angina symptoms.
Dosage and Administration
- Recommended Dosage: The typical dose for acute angina relief is 0.3 to 0.6 mg sublingually every 5 minutes as needed, up to three doses within 15 minutes. For chronic management, dosages may vary based on individual patient needs as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
- Administration Instructions: The tablet should be placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve completely without swallowing. It is important not to chew or swallow the tablet whole.
Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Headache
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Flushing (redness of the face)
- Orthostatic hypotension (sudden drop in blood pressure when standing)
- Tachycardia (increased heart rate)
Serious side effects can include:
- Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, swelling)
- Signs of hypotension (fainting, severe dizziness)
- Chest pain worsening
Precautions
- Contraindications: Avoid use in individuals with known hypersensitivity to nitroglycerin or other nitrates, severe anemia, or those using phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) due to the risk of severe hypotension.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications being taken to avoid potential interactions, especially with other antihypertensive agents.
